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Windows 95 desktop, showing its icons, and welcome screen.Source modelAugust 15, 1995; 24 years ago ( 1995-08-15)August 24, 1995; 24 years ago ( 1995-08-24)OEM Service Release 2.5 (4.0.950 C) / November 26, 1997; 21 years ago ( 1997-11-26)PlatformstypePreceded by(1992)Succeeded by(1998)Official websiteSupport statusMainstream support ended on December 31, 2000Extended support ended on December 31, 2001Windows 95 (codenamed ) is a consumer-oriented developed by as part of its family of operating systems. The first operating system in the 9x family, it is the successor to, and was on August 15, 1995, and generally to retail on August 24, 1995. Windows 95 merged Microsoft's formerly separate and products, and featured significant improvements over its predecessor, most notably in the (GUI) and in its simplified ' features. There were also major changes made to the core components of the operating system, such as moving from a mainly architecture to a architecture, at least when running only 32-bit protected mode applications.Accompanied by an extensive marketing campaign, Windows 95 introduced numerous functions and features that were featured in later Windows versions, such as the, the and the ways the user could navigate. – Three years after its introduction, Windows 95 was succeeded. Microsoft ended extended support for Windows 95 on December 31, 2001. This section needs additional citations for.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: – ( April 2010) The initial design and planning of Windows 95 can be traced back to around March 1992, just before the release of. At this time, Windows for Workgroups 3.11 and were still in development and Microsoft's plan for the future was focused on. Cairo would be Microsoft's next-generation operating system based on Windows NT and featuring a new user interface and an object-based file system, but it was not planned to be shipped before 1994. However, Cairo would partially ship in late July 1996 in the form of, but without the object-based file system, which would later evolve into.Simultaneously with Windows 3.1's release, started shipping.
Microsoft realized they were in need of an updated version of Windows that could support 32-bit applications and preemptive multitasking, but could still run on low-end hardware (Windows NT did not). So the development of Windows 'Chicago' was started and, as it was planned for a late 1993 release, became known as Windows 93 which was also known as Windows 4.0. Initially, the decision was made not to include a new user interface, as this was planned for Cairo, and only focus on making installation, configuration, and networking easier. Windows 93 would ship together with MS-DOS 7.0, offering a more integrated experience to the user and making it pointless for other companies to create DOS clones.
MS-DOS 7.0 was in development at that time under the code name 'Jaguar' and could optionally run on top of a Windows 3.1-based 32-bit protected-mode kernel called 'Cougar' in order to better compete with. The first version of Chicago's feature specification was finished on September 30, 1992.
Cougar was to become Chicago's kernel.Beta Prior to Windows 95's official release, users in the and had an opportunity to participate in the Windows 95 Preview Program. For US$19.95/£19.95, users would receive several 3.5-inch floppy disks that would be used to install Windows 95 either as an upgrade from Windows 3.1x or as a fresh installation. Participants were also given a free preview of, the that Microsoft launched with Windows 95. During the preview period, Microsoft established various electronic distribution points for promotional and technical documentation on Chicago, including a detailed document for media reviewers describing the new system highlights. The preview versions expired in November 1995, after which the user would have to purchase their own copy of the final version of Windows 95.Architecture. Architectural diagramWindows 95 was designed to be maximally compatible with existing and 16-bit Windows programs and, while offering a more stable and better performing system. The Windows 95 architecture is an evolution of ' 386 enhanced mode.
The lowest level of the operating system consists of a large number of (VxDs) running in 32-bit and one or more running in. The virtual device drivers are responsible for handling physical devices (such as video and network cards), emulating virtual devices used by the virtual machines or providing various system services. The three most important virtual device drivers are:Virtual Machine Manager (VMM32.VXD) Responsible for memory management, loading and initializing virtual device drivers, creating new virtual machines. Configuration Manager (CONFIGMG) Responsible for implementing functionality; monitoring hardware configuration changes; detecting devices using bus enumerators; and allocating, and in a conflict-free fashion.
Installable File System Manager (Input/Output Subsystem) Coordinates access to supported file systems. Windows 95 initially shipped with support for, the extension, (CDFS) and, with later releases supporting.Access requests to physical media are sent to Input/Output Supervisor, a component responsible for scheduling the requests. Each physical media has its own device driver: access to the disk is performed by a port driver, while access to a device is handled by a driver working atop the SCSI layer. Port and miniport drivers perform I/O operations in 32-bit protected mode, bypassing MS-DOS and, giving a significant performance improvement. In case there is no native Windows driver for a certain storage device, or if a device is forced to run in compatibility mode, the Real Mode Mapper can access it through MS-DOS.32-bit Windows programs are assigned their own memory segments, which can be adjusted to any desired size. Memory area outside the segment cannot be accessed by a program. If a program crashes, nothing else is harmed.
Before this, programs used fixed non-exclusive 64 KB segments. While the 64 KB size was a serious handicap in DOS and Windows 3.x, lack of guarantee of exclusiveness was the cause of stability issues because programs sometimes overwrote each other's segments. A crashing Windows 3.x program could knock out surrounding processes.The is implemented by three modules, each consisting of a 16-bit and a 32-bit component:Kernel Provides high level access to and, and access to the file system.
Consists of KRNL386.EXE, and VWIN32.VXD. User Responsible for managing and drawing the various components, such as,. Consists of USER.EXE. (GDI) Responsible for drawing graphics in a device-independent way.
Consists of GDI.EXE and GDI32.DLL. Dependence on MS-DOS To end-users, MS-DOS appears as an underlying component of Windows 95. For example, it is possible to prevent the loading of the graphical user interface and boot the system into a real-mode MS-DOS environment. This was done by inserting command.com in the autoexec.bat file.
This sparked debate amongst users and professionals regarding the extent to which Windows 95 is an operating system or merely a graphical shell running on top of MS-DOS.When the graphical user interface is started, the virtual machine manager takes over the filesystem-related and disk-related functionality. MS-DOS itself is demoted to a compatibility layer for 16-bit device drivers. This contrasts with earlier versions of Windows which rely on MS-DOS to perform file and disk access (Windows for Workgroups 3.11 could also largely bypass MS-DOS when and were enabled). Keeping MS-DOS in memory allows Windows 95 to use DOS device drivers when suitable Windows drivers are unavailable. Windows 95 is capable of using all 16-bit Windows 3.x drivers.Unlike Windows 3.1x, DOS programs running in Windows 95 do not need DOS drivers for the mouse, CD-ROM and sound card; Windows drivers are used instead. Is still required to boot Windows 95.
And other memory managers, however, are only used by legacy DOS programs. In addition, and settings (aside from HIMEM.SYS) have no effect on Windows programs.
DOS games, which could not be executed on Windows 3.x, can run inside Windows 95 (games tended to lock up Windows 3.x or cause other problems). As with Windows 3.x, DOS programs that use or graphics modes run in windowed mode ( and programs can continue to run).On startup, the MS-DOS component in Windows 95 responds to a pressed F8 key by temporarily pausing the default boot process and presenting the DOS boot options menu, allowing the user to continue starting Windows normally, start Windows in or exit to the DOS prompt. As in previous versions of, there is no 32-bit support and DOS drivers must be loaded for mice and other hardware.As a consequence of being DOS-based, Windows 95 has to keep internal DOS data structures synchronized with those of Windows 95. When starting a program, even a native 32-bit Windows program, MS-DOS momentarily executes to create a data structure known as the. It is even possible for MS-DOS to run out of while doing so, preventing the program from launching.
Windows 3.x allocated fixed segments in conventional memory first. Since the segments were allocated as fixed, Windows could not move them, which would prevent any more programs from launching.Microsoft partially removed support for (an API hold-over of DOS 1.x and CP/M) in Windows 95 OSR2 ( Service Release 2).
FCB functions can read volumes, but not write to them.User interface Windows 95 introduced a redesigned based around a; the desktop was re-purposed to hold shortcuts to applications, files and folders, reminiscent of Mac OS.In the desktop was used to display icons of running applications. In Windows 95, the currently running applications were displayed as buttons on a across the bottom of the screen. The taskbar also contained a notification area used to display icons for background applications, a volume control and the current time.The, invoked by clicking the 'Start' button on the taskbar, was introduced as an additional means of launching applications or opening documents. While maintaining the program groups used by its predecessor, it also displayed applications within cascading sub-menus.The previous program was replaced by.The user interface looked dramatically different from prior versions of Windows, but its design language did not have a special name like. Internally it was called 'the new shell' and later simply 'the shell'. The subproject within Microsoft to develop the new shell was internally known as 'Stimpy'.In 1994, Microsoft designers and approached to compose music for the Windows 95 project. The version string displayed in the 'System properties' tab.
Right-click on 'My Computer' and choose 'Properties'. The version of updated system files.
Note that most system files which have not been updated often retain their old version number. Version numbers are not consistently used: some system files may have older or newer build numbers or use a version numbering scheme separate from regular system files. Upgradable to 5.5.
Upgradable to 8.0a. Some components have higher build numbers up to 955. Original release of the USB Supplement to OSR2.
Updated version of the USB Supplement to OSR2. The Microsoft Knowledge Base reports 4.03.1214. The USB Supplement to OSR2 contains an updated VMM.VXD with support for the Pentium Pro and Pentium II. This file has version 4.03.1216 and has a timestamp of September 23, 1997 09:51:18. The Microsoft Knowledge Base reports 4.03.1214. The USB Supplement to OSR2 contains an updated VMM.VXD with support for the Pentium Pro and Pentium II.
This file has version 4.03.1216 and has a timestamp of September 23, 1997 09:51:18.Legacy Many features that have since become key components of the Microsoft Windows series, such as the and the, originated in Windows 95. Neil MacDonald, a analyst, said that Windows 95 'was a quantum leap in difference in technological capability and stability.' Ina Fried of said that 'by the time Windows 95 was finally ushered off the market in 2001, it had become a fixture on computer desktops around the world.'
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Retrieved May 9, 2019. Microsoft detractors were quick to point out that the second verse of 'Start Me Up' begins 'you make a grown man cry' (a line which is repeated throughout). The phrase subsequently featured as a humorous reference in many critical expositions of Windows 95. Michael Gartenberg (August 22, 2006).
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